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Citrus aurantium  Linn.

   

Botanical Name

:

Citrus aurantium Linn.

English Name

:

Bigarade or Sour orange

Synonym(s)

:

Citrus bigarradia Loisel., Citrus vulgaris Risso.

Family

:

Rutaceae

 

General Info

Description

An armed tree, 7.5 to 9 m in height with a dense compact rounded head. Thorns alternate, slender, sharp pointed; leaves articulated, ovate, distinctly scented, petiole broadly winged in upper portion and wingless at base; flowers white in small axillary cymes, strongly sweet-scented; fruits medium- sized, compressed, orange or light red, rough, rind strongly aromatic, separating easily, bitter, thick, pulp acidic, juice sacs spindle-shaped, core hollow when ripe; seeds flattened, marked with ridged lines, numerous.

Herb Effects

Laxative (fruit); antifungal (essential oil); stimulant (flower); aromatic stimulant (peel); stomachic and antiscorbutic (leaves, peel and flowers); emmenagogue (peel decoction).

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Chemistry

Active Ingredients

Auranetin, 5-hydroxyauranetin and 5-O-demothylnobiletin (peel); xanthyletin (root); 4-terpineol, acetaldehyde, alpha-humulene, alpha-ionone, alpha-phellandrene, benzoic acid, carvone, caryophyllene, cinnamic acid, citral, citronellal, citronellol, D-limonene, delta-cadinene, ethanol, formaldehyde, indole, malic acid, naringenin, nerolidol, palmitic acid, pectin, phenol, tannic acid, umbelliferone (plant); acetic acid, hesperidin, myrcene (flower); alpha-pinene, alpha-terpinene, alpha-terpineol, beta-pinene, camphene, farnesol, geraniol, limonene, neral, nerol, p-cymene, terpinen 4-ol, thymol (leaf); ascorbic acid, bergapten, beta-carotene, citric acid, coumarin, naringin, niacin, riboflavin, tannin, thiamin (fruit); tangeretin (pericarp)

Chemistry of Active Ingredients
Product Categories

Name

CAS#

IUPAC Name

Formula

Structure

Product Categories
Xanthyletin 553-19-5 Not Available C14H12O3 Click Here To Enlarge
4-Terpineol 562-74-3 4-methyl-1-propan-2-
yl-cyclohex-3-en-1-o
l
C10H18O Click Here To Enlarge
Acetaldehyde 108-62-3 2,4,6,8-tetramethyl-
1,3,5,7-tetraoxocane
C8H16O4 Click Here To Enlarge
Alpha-humulene 6753-98-6 2,6,6,9-tetramethylc
ycloundeca-1,4,8-tri
ene
C15H24 Click Here To Enlarge
alpha-Ionone 31798-11-5 (E)-4-(2,6,6-trimeth
yl-1-cyclohex-2-enyl
)but-3-en-2-one
C13H20O Click Here To Enlarge
alpha-Phellandrene 2243-33-6 2-methyl-5-propan-2-
yl-cyclohexa-1,3-die
ne
C10H16 Click Here To Enlarge
Benzoic acid 8013-63-6 benzoic acid C7H6O2 Click Here To Enlarge
Carvone 53763-73-8 2-methyl-5-prop-1-en
-2-yl-cyclohex-2-en-
1-one
C10H14O Click Here To Enlarge
Caryophyllene 87-44-5 4,11,11-trimethyl-8-
methylidene-bicyclo[
7.2.0]undec-4-ene
C15H24 Click Here To Enlarge
Cinnamic acid 63938-16-9 3-phenylprop-2-enoic
acid
C9H8O2 Click Here To Enlarge
Citral 96680-15-8 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6
-dienal
C10H16O Click Here To Enlarge
Citronellal 26489-02-1 3,7-dimethyloct-6-en
al
C10H18O Click Here To Enlarge
Citronellol 26489-01-0 3,7-dimethyloct-6-en
-1-ol
C10H20O Click Here To Enlarge
D-limonene 95327-98-3 1-methyl-4-prop-1-en
-2-yl-cyclohexene
C10H16 Click Here To Enlarge
delta-Cadinene Not Available 1,6-dimethyl-4-propa
n-2-yl-2,3,4,4a,7,8-
hexahydronaphthalene
C15H24 Click Here To Enlarge
Ethanol 8024-45-1 ethanol C2H6O Click Here To Enlarge
Formaldehyde 8013-13-6 formaldehyde CH2O Click Here To Enlarge
Malic acid Not Available 2-hydroxybutanedioic
acid
C4H6O5 Click Here To Enlarge
Naringenin Not Available 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-h
ydroxyphenyl)-chroma
n-4-one
C15H12O5 Click Here To Enlarge
Nerolidol 14528-94-0 3,7,11-trimethyldode
ca-1,6,10-trien-3-ol
C15H26O Click Here To Enlarge
Palmitic acid 66321-94-6 hexadecanoic acid C16H32O2 Click Here To Enlarge
Phenol 8002-07-1 phenol C6H6O Click Here To Enlarge
Tannic acid 1401-55-4 Not Available Not Available Click Here To Enlarge
Umbelliferone 93-35-6 2-hydroxychromen-7-o
ne
C9H6O3 Click Here To Enlarge
Acetic acid 77671-22-8 acetic acid C2H4O2 Click Here To Enlarge
Hesperidin 520-26-3 5-hydroxy-2-(3-hydro
xy-4-methoxy-phenyl)
-7-[3,4,5-trihydroxy
-6-[(3,4,5 -trihydr
oxy-6-methyl-oxan-2-
yl)oxymethyl]oxan-2-
yl]oxy-chroman-4-one
C28H34O15 Click Here To Enlarge
Myrcene 2153-31-3 7-methyl-3-methylide
ne-octa-1,6-diene
C10H16 Click Here To Enlarge
alpha-Pinene 80-56-8 2,7,7-trimethylbicyc
lo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene
C10H16
alpha-Terpinene 99-86-5 1-methyl-4-propan-2-
yl-cyclohexa-1,3-die
ne
C10H16 Click Here To Enlarge
alpha-Terpineol 10482-56-1 2-(4-methyl-1-cycloh
ex-3-enyl)propan-2-o
l
C10H18O Click Here To Enlarge
beta-Pinene 23089-32-9 6,6-dimethyl-2-methy
lidene-norpinane
C10H16 Click Here To Enlarge
Camphene 5794-04-7 2,2-dimethyl-3-methy
lidene-norbornane
C10H16 Click Here To Enlarge
Farnesol Not Available 3,7,11-trimethyldode
ca-2,6,10-trien-1-ol
C15H26O Click Here To Enlarge
Geraniol 8007-13-4 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6
-dien-1-ol
C10H18O Click Here To Enlarge
Limonene 9003-73-0 1-methyl-4-prop-1-en
-2-yl-cyclohexene
C10H16 Click Here To Enlarge
Nerol 106-24-1 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6
-dien-1-ol
C10H18O Click Here To Enlarge
Neral 96680-15-8 (2E)-3,7-dimethyloct
a-2,6-dienal
C10H16O Click Here To Enlarge
p-Cymene Not Available Dichlororuthenium;
1-methyl-5,6-dihydro
-4H-pyrimidine;
p-cymene
C15H24Cl2N2Ru Click Here To Enlarge
Terpinen-4-ol Not Available 4-methyl-1-propan-2-
yl-cyclohex-3-en-1-o
l
C10H18O Click Here To Enlarge
Ascorbic Acid Not Available 2-(1,2-dihydroxyethy
l)-4,5-dihydroxy-fur
an-3-one
C6H8O6 Click Here To Enlarge
Bergapten 484-20-8 Not Available C12H8O4 Click Here To Enlarge
beta-Carotene Not Available 3,7,12,16-tetramethy
l-1,18-bis(2,6,6-tri
methyl-1-cyclohexeny
l)-octadec a-1,3,5,
7,9,11,13,15,17-nona
ene
C40H56 Click Here To Enlarge
Citric acid Not Available 2-hydroxypropane-1,2
,3-tricarboxylic
acid
C6H8O7 Click Here To Enlarge
Coumarin 60094-90-8 6-(1,2-dihydroxy-3-m
ethyl-but-3-enyl)-7-
methoxy-chromen-2-on
e
C15H16O5 Click Here To Enlarge
Naringin 38664-96-9 7-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-
4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hyd
roxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3
R,4R,5S,6S )-3,4,5-
trihydroxy-6-methyl-
oxan-2-yl]oxy-oxan-2
-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-
(4 -hydroxyphenyl)c
hroman-4-one
C27H32O14 Click Here To Enlarge
Niacin 99148-57-9 pyridine-3-carboxyli
c acid
C6H5NO2 Click Here To Enlarge
Riboflavin Not Available Not Available C17H21N4O9P Click Here To Enlarge
Tannin 1401-55-4 Not Available C27H22O18 Click Here To Enlarge
Thiamin 59-43-8 2-[3-[(4-amino-2-met
hyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)m
ethyl]-4-methyl-1-th
ia-3-azoni acyclope
nta-2,4-dien-5-yl]et
hanol
C12H17N4OS+ Click Here To Enlarge
Tangeretin 481-53-8 5,6,7,8-tetramethoxy
-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)
chromen-4-one
C20H20O7 Click Here To Enlarge

Pharmacology

Medicinal Use

In stomach problems and as a laxative (fruit); in the treatment of swollen legs, in bronchitis and as a tonic (leaves); in fever, inflammation, for eyes, skin and hands and internally is taken for dysentery, diarrhoea and rheumatism, nervous and hysterical cases (flowers); in gout and rheumatism (oil).

Contraindication

Do not use citrus aurantium extract if having heart disease or taking strong medicines.

Reference

Chandel et al., Biodiversity in Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in India.


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